The Singapura Kingdom rose from the ashes of the Srivijaya empire in the 14ᵗʰ century. Favourable winds coupled with strong trade and diplomatic networks allowed Singapura to grow to great heights. However, at the turn of the century, everything changed, leading to the Kingdom’s fall.

After the fall of the Singapura Kingdom, Singapore still played a significant role in the region, including being the site of resistance against the Portuguese, and a trading post. However, its fortunes dimmed again after yet another attack.

Stamford Raffles and William Farquhar were East India Company officials, who sought to protect the company’s interests in present-day Southeast Asia. Capitalising on a succession dispute, they established a free port in Singapore, which quickly flourished.

In the mid 19ᵗʰ century, Singapore’s streets were run by secret societies. Opium addiction was rampant, which led to worse living conditions, more widespread poverty and disease. Crime and violence were common, while prostitution was supported by human trafficking.

The opening of the Suez Canal and the global shift to steamships was a major turning point for Singapore, as it became an important part of the coal refuelling network. New communities, commodities, inventions and connections were brought to its shores.

The Battle of Singapore only lasted eight days. The small group of local defence forces performed better than British forces. Miscommunication and the failure to execute planned defences accelerated Singapore’s defeat. Local resistance persisted heroically throughout the Japanese Occupation.